![]() ![]() reported that surface acting and naturally felt emotions are associated with the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of teachers, while Akin et al. Naturally felt emotions were negatively related to burnout and positively related to job satisfaction. According to Näring, Briët, and Brouwers, surface acting leads to higher levels of burnout. suggests that naturally felt emotions can help conserve resources, in accordance with the COR model, and that interpersonal influence and deep acting reduce the effect of surface acting in burnout. SA is a positive predictor of burnout while DA on the contrary may even result in positive psychological well-being. The relationship between EL and burnout is a mixed picture. Conversely, there is evidence that deep acting does not require as many cognitive resources as surface acting. Surface acting strategies that result in dissonance and exhaustion mean lower levels of satisfaction of individuals’ basic psychological needs at work, which are themselves known to predict impaired work functioning. Surface acting can lead to feelings of inauthenticity or emotional dissonance, thus discouraging employees from reciprocating in the form of positive attitudes and behaviors. The internalization level in deep acting is more than that of surface acting, but less than naturally felt emotions. Surface acting involves non-internalized emotions, while naturally felt emotions involve internalized emotions. , the fundamental difference between the dimensions (i.e., SA, DA, and NFE) is the level of internalization of behaviors. Surface and deep acting are considered by Hochschild and Grandey as the appropriate response that arises from the expectations of the job. More recently, Diefendorff (2005) introduced the element of naturally felt emotion. Historically, the concept of EL evolved from the work of Hochschild, who originally talked about two main elements surface and deep acting. Finally, problematic behaviors are more frequent in schools compared with other work environments. For example, they need to manage their own anger in the classroom, show sympathy for awkward situations, show care for the progress of their students, continuously encourage them and their parents, and collaborate with their colleagues. It is a complex combination of decision making and emotional regulation. Therefore, unlike other employees in the service sector, teachers engage in emotional labor not just to align with the prescribed emotional-display rules, but also because they see such efforts as instrumental in reaching their teaching goals and positive learning outcomes. Teachers are constantly exposed to the criticism of their students, parents, coworkers and principals, and are forced to deal with numerous emotional situations and at the same time be a role model for their students. ![]() Teaching can be like acting in a live play or stand-up comedy. ![]() Teaching is a multitasking profession that consists of both cognitive and emotional components, such as teaching and designing the curriculum but also expressing or hiding true emotions or expressing the appropriate emotion for the situation, even if it is not true. The aforementioned is particularly relevant for the profession of teaching, where student and parent expectations have changed significantly over the last 30 years.Ī significant amount of emotional labor takes place during teaching. This is consistent with the literature indicating that employees can experience burnout as a result of the congruence and discordance between their personal emotional states and occupational expectations. In this sense, the feelings and behaviors that are used in the workplace become exchanged commodities with economic value attached to them. Increasingly, workers are expected to engage in more emotional labor in all sectors, which translates into the need for employees to express organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal interactions. The rapid expansion of the service economy globally has resulted in shifting normative expectations for service employees in all industries. Emotional labor has always been a characteristic of teaching, but it is set to become even more important in the 21st century. ![]()
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